Вкусовые стимуляторы: эргогенный эффект в спорте

Этот выпуск посвящён вкусовым стимуляторам и их возможностям, что сейчас начали активно исследовать учёные. Сладкое, горечь, острое и ментол: могут ли эти вкусы иметь эргогенический эффект — то есть такой эффект, который может изменить вашу работоспособность?

В этом выпуске вы узнаете:

— Что такое вкус?
— Какие бывают вкусы?
— Что такое эргогенность и почему её исследуют?
— Какие причины потери обоняния?
— В каких частях тела есть вкусовые рецепторы?
— Что такое вкусовые стимуляторы?
— Может ли сладкое и углеводы повысить работоспособность?
— Повышают ли подсластители уровень сахара в крови?
— Какие есть исследования в области вкусовых стимуляторов?
— Может ли горечь быть стимулятором?
— Зачем люди пьют хинин?
— Может ли перец чили стимулировать?
— А может ли это делать ментол?

Источники:

1. Can taste be ergogenic? 2020
2. An evolutionary perspective on food review and human taste
3. Genetics of taste receptors
4. Genetics of taste and smell: poisons and pleasures
5. The pharmacology of bitter taste receptors and their role in human airways
6. Taste receptors in the upper airway
7. On the psychological impact of food colour
8. Variation in thermally induced taste response across thermal tasters
9. Just how much of what we taste derives from the sense of smell?
10. Flavor is in the brain
11. Perception of specific trigeminal chemosensory agonists
12. Menthol: a fresh ergogenic aid for athletic performance
13. Intermittent sprint performance in the heat is not altered by augmenting thermal perception via l-menthol or capsaicin mouth rinses
14. Acute capsaicin supplementation improves resistance training performance in trained men
15. The governor has a sweet tooth – mouth sensing of nutrients to enhance sports performance
16. Are caffeine’s performance-enhancing effects partially driven by its bitter taste?
17. Carbohydrate mouth rinse effects on exercise capacity in pre- and postprandial states
18. Carbohydrate sensing in the human mouth: effects on exercise performance and brain activity
19. The effects of menthol on exercise performance and thermal sensation: a meta-analysis
20. New insights into enhancing maximal exercise performance through the use of a bitter tastant
21. Autonomic nervous system responses associated with primary tastes
22. Autonomic nervous system responses to sweet taste: evidence for habituation rather than pleasure
23. The bitter truth is sweeter than we thought
24. What Is Anosmia?
25. Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world
26. Анатомия вкуса: перевод статьи "The Anatomy of Flavor"
27. Science Photo Library
28. Scoopnest Anatomy
29. Effects of TRP channel agonist ingestion on metabolism and autonomic nervous system in a randomized clinical trial of healthy subjects
30. Role of cold receptors and menthol in thirst, the drive to breathe and arousal
31. Cold pleasure. Why we like ice drinks, ice-lollies and ice cream
32. Oral l-menthol reduces thermal sensation, increases work-rate and extends time to exhaustion, in the heat at a fixed rating of perceived exertion
33. The effects of swilling an l (-)-menthol solution during exercise in the heat
34. Running performance and thermal sensation in the heat are improved with menthol mouth rinse but not ice slurry ingestion
35. Consensus statement on placebo effects in sports and exercise: the need for conceptual clarity, methodological rigour, and the elucidation of neurobiological mechanisms
36. The development of a menthol solution for use during sport and exercise
37. Systematic review: carbohydrate supplementation on exercise performance or capacity of varying durations
38. Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on glucose kinetics and muscle metabolism during intense endurance exercise
39. The effect of glucose infusion on glucose kinetics during a 1-h time trial
40. Effect of mouth-rinsing carbohydrate solutions on endurance performance
41. Oral carbohydrate sensing and exercise performance
42. Can carbohydrate mouth rinse improve performance during exercise? a systematic review
43. Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling time trial performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
44. Neural systems controlling food intake and energy balance in the modern world
45. Metabolic sensing in brain dopamine systems, pp 69-86
46. The central governor model of exercise regulation applied to the marathon
47. Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart, and lungs
48. Sucrose activates human taste pathways differently from artificial sweetener
49. Neural correlates of tasting concentrated quinine and sugar solutions
50. Mouth rinsing and ingesting a bitter solution improves sprint cycling performance
51. Mouth rinsing with a bitter solution without ingestion does not improve sprint cycling performance
52. Gustatory expression pattern of the human TAS2R bitter receptor gene family reveals a heterogenous population of bitter responsive taste receptor cells
53. Mouth rinsing and ingestion of a bitter-tasting solution increases corticomo- tor excitability in male competitive cyclists
54. The Taste of Caffeine, 2017
55. The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2R bitter taste receptors
56. Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance
57. Effects of caffeine and carbohydrate mouth rinses on repeated sprint performance
58. The effect of a caffeinated mouth-rinse on endurance cycling time-trial performance
59. Carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinses do not affect maximum strength and muscular endurance performance
60. Influence of a caffeine mouth rinse on sprint cycling following glycogen depletion
61. Caffeine and 3-km cycling performance: effects of mouth rinsing, genotype, and time of day
62. Effect of carbohydrate, caffeine, and carbohydrate + caffeine mouth rinsing on intermittent running performance in collegiate male lacrosse athletes
63. The effect of caffeine mouth rinse on self-paced cycling performance
64. Cognitive performance enhancement induced by caffeine, carbohydrate and guarana mouth rinsing during submaximal exercise
65. A caffeine-maltodextrin mouth rinse counters mental fatigue
66. Macneish RS (1964) Ancient Mesoamerican civilization
67. Capsaicin: current understanding of its mechanisms and therapy of pain and other pre-clinical and clinical uses
68. The salty and burning taste of capsaicin
69. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway
70. Effect of capsaicin supplementation on repeated sprinting performance
71. Acute capsaicin supplementation improves 1,500-m running time-trial performance and rate of perceived exertion in physically active adults
72. Capsaicin supplementation increases time to exhaustion in high-intensity intermittent exercise without modifying metabolic responses in physically active men
73. Characterization of functional TRPV1 channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of mouse skeletal muscle
74. Does capsaicin affect physiologic and thermal responses of males during immersion in 22 degrees C?
75. Capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog, increases endurance swimming capacity of mice by stimulation of vanilloid receptors
76. Autonomic nervous activity and lipid oxidation postexercise with capsaicin in the humans
77. Dietary red pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during exercise in runners
78. Dose-dependent effect of capsaicin on endurance capacity in rats
79. Increase in swimming endurance capacity of mice by capsaicin- induced adrenal catecholamine secretion
80. Swimming capacity of mice is increased by oral administration of a nonpungent capsaicin analog, stearoyl vanillylamide
81. TRP channel functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Immunopathol
82. Visceral and somatic sensory function in functional dyspepsia
83. TRPV1 activation and induction of nociceptive response by a non-pungent capsaicin-like compound, capsiate
84. Menthol: a refreshing look at this ancient compound
85. New compounds with the menthol cooling effect
86. Topical and ingested cooling methodologies for endurance exercise performance in the heat
87. Thresholds for odor and nasal pungency
88. Chemosensory properties of the trigeminal system
89. Same same but different. different trigeminal chemoreceptors share the same central pathway
90. Age-related effects on the threshold, psychophysical function, and pleasantness of menthol
91. How trigeminal, taste and aroma perceptions are affected in mint-flavored carbonated beverages
92. Physical and perceptual cooling with beverages to increase cycle performance in a tropical climate
93. Precooling does not enhance the effect on performance of midcooling with ice-slush/menthol
94. Ingestion of a cold temperature/menthol beverage increases outdoor exercise performance in a hot, humid environment
95. Siegel R, Laursen PB (2012) Keeping your cool
96. Experimental provocation of “ice-cream headache” by ice cubes and ice water
97. L-Menthol mouth rinse or ice slurry ingestion during the latter stages of exercise in the heat provide a novel stimulus to enhance performance despite elevation in mean body temperature

Читайте перевод научного исследования от СМТ, на основе которого был создан выпуск.